Music Glossary

LFO

A slow, inaudible wave used to automatically modulate another parameter.

An LFO, or Low-Frequency Oscillator, is an oscillator that vibrates too slowly to be heard as a pitch and is instead used to automatically move, or modulate, some other parameter of a sound over time. Rather than being listened to directly, an LFO might sweep a filter open and closed to create a rhythmic pulsing, wobble the pitch to produce vibrato, or vary the volume for a tremolo effect. The wobbling bass of dubstep is a famous example of an LFO modulating a filter. LFOs are a fundamental modulation tool in synthesis and effects, adding movement and life to what would otherwise be static, unchanging sounds.

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